en-us Tue, 5 Jun 2012 00:24:13 UTC Inmagic DB/Text WebPublisher http://114.111.144.247/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll?AC=QUERY&TN=inroads&QY=find+RC+=+1205AR266E Mon, 14 May 2012 14:00:00 UTCData and analysis of bicycle parking are necessary to evaluate facility designs and parking plans and for analysis of bicycle use more generally. Data and analysis of bicycle parking inform efforts to promote bicycle use and provide direction for policy makers and planners. However, there is a lack of research and data related to bicycle parking, and no standardized methodology exists for data collection. Measures such as duration and turnover have long been identified with vehicular parking studies, but these measures have not been standardized in the literature related to bicycle parking. This paper proposes a methodology for collecting detailed bicycle parking data. This methodology uses digital photography to capture parking data, including arrival and departure times, parking durations, and turnover rates. A trial data collection suggested ways in which the data could be used to answer specific research questions. In addition, the feasibility of the proposed methodology was evaluated, and the work effort needed to perform the collection and analysis was quantified. The methodology appeared to be useful for further academic research related to bicycle parking and had potential to provide valuable information for universities and public transportation agencies as they planned for, monitored, or improved bicycle parking facilities. http://114.111.144.247/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll?AC=QUERY&TN=inroads&QY=find+RC+=+1205AR071E Mon, 14 May 2012 14:00:00 UTC http://114.111.144.247/ics-wpd/exec/icswppro.dll?AC=QUERY&TN=inroads&QY=find+RC+=+1205AR173E Mon, 14 May 2012 14:00:00 UTCWhile a considerable amount of research has been conducted into the economic benefits of various congestion pricing measures - including parking taxes - there has been a comparatively smaller focus on the equity implications of such initiatives. However, as the policy debate shifts from the theoretical benefits of congestion pricing to the acceptability issues associated with the implementation of these measures, concerns regarding the equity of various proposals are increasingly being raised. This paper starts with an overview of the Melbourne congestion levy, which was introduced in 2006 on off-street parking spaces within the inner city. The paper subsequently defines what equity means in the context of congestion pricing generally and reviews previous empirical findings on the equity issues associated with parking taxes. The paper then explores the extent to which the Melbourne congestion levy can be considered equitable, and considers whether the tax may, inadvertently, be disadvantaging certain groups. The paper finds that a significant proportion of drivers who are contributing to the congestion problem either do not pay the congestion levy or have their parking costs, including the cost of the levy, paid for by their employer. These findings raise both horizontal and vertical equity concerns.